History & Civics
The mass phase of the National Movement led to the freedom of India. With reference to this phase, answer the following questions:
(i) What were the causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement? Name the march which marked the beginning of this movement.
(ii) Mention any three causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(iii) Mention any four clauses of the Mountbatten Plan.
Mahatma Gandhi
9 Likes
Answer
(i) The causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement were as follows:
- Simon Commission — It was an all-British Commission appointed in November 1927 to investigate the need for further constitutional reforms in India. It had no Indian member. This was seen as a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians.
- Demand for Poorna Swaraj — The British government did not accept the Nehru Report and the Congress passed the Poorna Swaraj resolution at its Lahore Session in 1929.
Dandi march marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) Three causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement are as follows:
- Rowlatt Act — The Rowlatt Act authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial and convict him in a court. It implied:
- Arrest of a person without warrant.
- In camera trial (trial in seclusion).
- Restrictions on movements of individuals.
- Suspension of the Right of Habeas Corpus.
- Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy — On 13 April 1919, General Dyer, the military Commander of Amritsar entered the Jallianwala Bagh with his troops, where a peaceful crowd had gathered. Without any warning, he ordered his troops to open fire at the unarmed crowd. About one thousand innocent demonstrators were killed and many more wounded.
- Khilafat Movement — In the First World War, Turkey was defeated and the Ottoman Empire was divided. The Sultan of Turkey, who was the religious head of Muslims, was deprived of all authority. This upset the Muslims and they started Khilafat movement, under the leadership of Ali brothers.
(iii) Four clauses of the Mountbatten Plan were as follows:
- Partition — The country would be divided into two Dominions, i.e., India and Pakistan.
- Relations between the two new Dominions — It was for the two Dominions to decide what relations they would have with the British Commonwealth and with each other.
- A Boundary Commission — A Boundary Commission would be created to settle the boundaries of the two Dominions in case partition was decided upon.
- The Princely States — As regards the Princely States, the treaties with them would come to an end. They would be free to associate themselves with either of the Dominions or to remain independent.
Answered By
7 Likes
Related Questions
Nationalism refers to the feeling of oneness that emerges when people consider themselves as one nation. With reference to the growth of nationalism, answer the following:
(i) Name the founder of the Indian National Congress. Mention any two of its objectives.
(ii) How did the press contribute to the growth of nationalism?
(iii) Mention any four repressive policies of Lord Lytton.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow-
The movement had generated worldwide publicity, and British were looking for a way to end it. Gandhiji was released from custody in January 1931, and the two men began negotiating the terms of the pact. For many conservatives in England, the meetings and talks seemed unacceptable. They thought it was inappropriate for the Viceroy, who was the representative of the British Monarch, to receive their arch-enemy. Gandhiji was authorised by the then President of the Congress, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel, to negotiate with the Viceroy. He advised the nation to wait, watch, pray and hope for a better prospect for India. He was full of admiration for the people, their heroic struggle and hard suffering.
(Source: The Hindu)
(i) Who was the Viceroy who negotiated with Gandhiji? Name any two causes of the movement being discussed above.
(ii) Mention any three impacts of this movement.
(iii) As a consequence of this meeting, a pact was signed. Mention any four conditions that the Congress and the British Government agreed to according to this pact.
Look at the picture given and answer the following questions:
(i) Identify the leader in the above picture. Mention any two of his ideologies.
(ii) Mention any three causes for his rise to power.
(iii) What was the immediate cause of the Second World War? Mention any three reasons given by this leader to justify his action.
The United Nations Organisation aims to maintain international peace. With reference to its organs and agencies, answer the following:
(i) What is the composition of the International Court of Justice?
(ii) Mention any three functions of the Security Council.
(iii) Give the full form of UNICEF. Mention any three of its functions.