History & Civics
The President of India is the nominal head of the Union Administration. With reference to the President, answer the following questions:
(i) What is the term of the President? Give two reasons for the indirect election of the President.
(ii) Name the three kinds of emergencies which the President can declare.
(iii) State any four legislative powers of the President.
President & Vice-President
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Answer
(i) The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he/she enters upon his/her office. He/She shall continue to hold office, notwithstanding the expiry of his/her term, until his/her successor takes charge.
The President is elected by indirect elections because of the following reasons:
- If the President were to be elected directly by the people, he could become a rival centre of power to the Council of Ministers. This would be against the parliamentary system with ministerial responsibility.
- Since the membership in the two Houses of Parliament was likely to be dominated by one party, election of the President merely by a majority of members of the Union Parliament could make him a nominee of the ruling party like the Prime Minister. Such a President could not represent the constituent States of the Union.
(ii) The three kinds of emergencies which the President can declare are as follows:
- National or General Emergency
- Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery
- Financial Emergency
(iii) Four legislative powers of the President are as follows:
- Addresses Sessions of Parliament — The President addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled together for the first session after each General Election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session of each year. In this address he lays emphasis on the internal and external policies of the Government. The President has the power to address either House of Parliament or their joint sitting at any time.
- Messages to Parliament — He has the power to send messages to either House of Parliament either in the regard to any pending Bill or to any other matter.
- Dissolve the Lok Sabha — He can dissolve the Lok Sabha and order fresh elections. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, not subject to dissolution.
- Nomination of Members — The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in the matters of literature, science, art and social service.
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(Source: The Hindu)
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