History & Civics
Look at the given picture and answer the questions that follows:
(i) Identify the above incident. Which Gandhian movement did it lead to? Which incident led to the suspension of that movement?
(ii) Mention any three repressive provisions of the Rowlatt Act.
(iii) Mention the following:
(a) Any two causes of the Quit India Movement.
(b) Any two causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi
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Answer
(i) The given picture shows the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy that happened on April 13, 1919 in Amritsar. It led to the start of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, and was suspended by Gandhiji after the Chauri-Chaura incident.
(ii) The Rowlatt Act authorised the Government to imprison any person without trial and convict him in a court. It implied:
- Arrest of a person without warrant.
- In camera trial (trial in seclusion).
- Restrictions on movements of individuals.
(iii) (a) Two causes of the Quit India Movement were:
- Failure of the Cripps Mission — The Cripps Mission was a complete failure as almost all the parties and all sections of the society rejected it.
- Japanese threat of Invasion — There was a growing threat of Japanese invasion on India. The Congress leaders believed that to save India, the British must handover power to the Indians and quit the country.
(b) Two causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement were:
- Opposition to the Salt Tax — The British imposed the salt tax, which made salt production and sale by Indians illegal. The tax was seen as deeply unfair because it affected all sections of society, especially the poor, who relied on salt for everyday consumption. Gandhi’s Salt March (Dandi March) in 1930 directly challenged this oppressive tax.
- Demand for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Freedom) — When the British Government gave no positive response to the Nehru Report, then the Congress, under the presidentship of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929 (at Lahore Session), passed a resolution declaring Poorna Swaraj (Complete Freedom) as the ultimate objective of the Congress.
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